Why The Berlin Wall Was Assembled Essay

Why The Berlin Wall Was Assembled Essay To fully understand why The Berlin Wall was assembled, one must know of the events that took place. This wall for 28 years separated families, friends and a nation. Perhaps the major reasons it was assembled were for political and economical issues. Politically, the West side was interfering with the Russian Sector (East side). Economically, all of the citizens from East Germany were getting well educated there and moved to West Berlin for work. In this paper, I will explain the events and circumstances that led to the construction of the Berlin Wall. After the World War II in 1945, the Nazi Germany surrendered, the 4 allied countries, the United States, Great Britain, France and Russia signed the Potsdam Agreement treaty which determined the borders for Germany and Berlin. The Potsdam Agreement divided Germany and Berlin into four administrative zones. The United States, Great Britain and France combined to control three divisions in the Western half of Germany and Berlin, which eventually united to make a federal republic and made the three divided parts West Germany (Berlin 2002). The Eastern portion of Germany and Berlin were controlled by the Russia/Soviet Republic, later to become communist and made East Berlin the capital of East Germany (Tusa 1997). After the division, the economics of daily living was more acute in East Germany than in West Germany. Many suffered under repressions of the Communist party because of a communist system. Like the Soviet Union, the economy was struggling to get back on their feet after the war. It was said that East Germany was much like a Mini Moscow (Tusa 1997). The stores were literally empty and what good they did have were not of good quality. There were shortages of housing, food and health care. The economic of daily living in the West was much better. The economy was a lively urban area much like American cities. This is partially because West Germany and West Berlin were able to get from the United States through the Marshall Plan. (Grathwol 1994). Initially the division between East and West Berlin were uncertain because there was nothing to divide the city. For over ten year after the official separation, East Berlin saw a major emigration of East Germans who were unhappy with the communist system. With nothing to physically separate the East from the West, emigration was from totalitarianism to democracy was as easy as changing classrooms. The Soviet Union went against their promise to the people of East Germany and turned the country to Communist country. This decision separated East Germany even more from the rest of Europe. By the summer of 1952, East Germany was by it self and the border between East and West Germany was closed. Only the border in Berlin was open. (Berlin 2002) Most of the residents of East Berlin and East Germany did not like the communist regime. In fact, most people were not communists. On June 17, 1953, the people of East Germany became dissatisfied with the economic and political conditions of the German Democratic Republic (GDR). And started a riot and marched through the Brandenburg Gate into West Germany. Their intensions were to be combined with the workers of West Germany. To break up the riot, the Soviet Union called in tanks and troops that shot into the crowd on both sides killing or injuring many of them. Realizing that they were trapped and if they wanted to escape East Germany, they would have to risk their lives. It is estimated that by each day 8,000 to 10,000 people left East Germany to escape further west (Taylor 2007). This damaged the creditability and the workforce of the German Democratic Republic. For most of the emigrants under the age of sixty between 1949 and 1961, the legal process for lawful emigration was leng thy and difficult. This successfully in discouraged the young people from leaving the country. Since the elderly had no big role in the growth of the Communist State, emigration for them was fairly easy. To put an end to emigration, it was proposed to build a high wall. This idea later became The Berlin Wall. Winston Churchill would later name this barrier the Iron Curtain. The Berlin Wall was built on August 13, 1961. The German Communist leader under the command of Stalin, Walter Ulbricht organized the construction of a large wall to be built in order to restrain illegal emigration from the East to the West (Taylor 2007). On August 13, 1961, the Soviet premier at that time, Nikita Khrushchev, ordered the Berlin wall built to stop the flow of refugees. (Berlin 2002) In 24 hours, the streets of Berlin were ripped up; barricades of paving stones were erected; tanks were gathered at crucial places and subways and local railway services were interrupted, so that within a day the West of Berlin was completely sealed off from the East (Grathwol 1994). There were many escape tunnels dug under the wall. The tunnel system was dug by hundreds of East Berlin students unexpectedly. The first successful tunnel was in an East Berlin Graveyard and the largest tunnel was found in the basement of a home at number sixty Wernerstrasse. Twenty nine people were freed from this location. That same day citizens of East Berlin and 60,000 commuters were no longer allowed to enter the West side of the city. The GDR claimed that the barricade had been raised to prevent a third world war. On August 23, 1961, GDR ordered all subways, railroads and telephone lines going into West Berlin to be stopped (Bowman 1998). The citizens of East Berlin were no longer allowed to enter West Berlin, including the sixty-thousand workers who worked in West Berlin. However East Berliners still managed to get out through bribery, cigarettes and money. After some people still managed to scale the wall, there was a ban on the sale of rope and twine. On September 20, 1961, to begin construction on the second more permanent concrete wall, the GDR demolished all of the houses near the wall. The Berlin Wall consisted of 67 miles of concrete segment wall which was four meters high, 42 miles of wire mesh fencing, 65 miles of anti-vehicle trenches, 79 miles of signal fence, 302 watchtowers, and 20 bunkers. (Taylor 2007). There behind all of that was a second wall which was called no mans land or death strip. It cut off one hundred-ninety two streets (Taylor 2007). This area made it easy to spot footprints because of the raked gravel; was mined and booby-trapped with tripwires and it offered a clear field of fire to the armed guards who were instructed to shoot on sight. The main crossing point for the American sector of West Berlin was at checkpoint Charley which was six hundred-eighty feet west of the Brandenburg Gate. On October 27, 1961, the United States sent tanks; jeeps and soldiers to Checkpoint to guarantee entrance of US offic ials to West Berlin (Berlin 2002). The wall divided Berlin through the center and the outer part of the city and on the border between West and East Germany, from the Baltic Sea southward through the center of Germany all the way to Hildburghausen. From there it went east toward the border of Czechoslovakia (Taylor 2007). While the wall was being constructed, the United States was opposed to the establishment of the Wall. President John F. Kennedy was crucial to the cause, declaring his commitment with the infamous words: As a free man, I take pride in the words Ich bin ein Berliner (I am a Berliner) (Taylor 2007). At the verge of a nuclear war, the United States and the Soviet Union reached a conclusion, but the Berlin Wall remained but by the mid 80s the relationship between the East and West Germany began to transform. The end of the German Democratic Republic and the Berlin Wall began when Hungary opened its doors to the west. Passage between Communist states was unrestricted; therefore, East Germans could go from East Germany to Hungary and from there to West Germany or any other Western European state. East Germany began to reform. Gunter Schakowsky, the leader of the East Berlin communist party announced on November 9, 1989 that the border to West Berlin would be opened for private trips out of the country. Shortly after his announcement, citizens began hammering and using chisels to knock out pieces of the wall. The Wall had fallen (Taylor 2007). Between November 10, 1989 and later on December 22, 1989 checkpoints were opened for pedestrians at Potsdamer Platz and the Brandenburg Gate. Finally on July 1, 1990 East and West Germany were united and assumed West Germanys old name, The Federal Republic of Germany. All restrictions between East Germany and West Germany were released. The entire wall was taken down (Berlin 2002). In conclusion, the Berlin Wall was erected for political, economical, as a way for the Soviet Union to maintain their communist system and prevent brain drain in East German. These tactics did not improve the situation for East German as the people did not like the communist regime and still found ways to escape. While the erection of The Berlin Wall did not prove to be successful for the Soviet Union; the fall of the wall reunited families, friends and a divided nation back together.

Teacher Interview Report

Actually, this is my second time to do teacher interview. Last time, I went to Shi Pai Junior High School to interview a teacher and asked something about the class management. From the interview, I’ve learned a lot from the teacher and her belief of teaching Chinese. Though to certain degree, this time the report is quite similar to the last report that I’ve done. However, this time, by the demand of teacher Alice and the class objective, my target interviewee must be an â€Å"English† teacher. At first, I was very nervous about how to find an English teacher in junior or senior high school because I’ve got in touch with all my English teachers for several years. it may be very embarrassing to go back and the teacher doesn’t recognize that I used to be her student) Fortunately, one of my best friends in my night school class, knowing my worriment, introduced me an English teacher in Shilin High School of Commerce whom she loves and admires very much. Here, I want to say thanks to my dear friend. Without her, I really cannot finish writing this assignment. Below, there are some basic info of the teacher and the questions that I’ve prepared for the teacher interview,

American Express As A Multinational Financial Service...

Critical Facts †¢ American express is a multinational financial service provider company which offers customers with services such as personal credit cards, small business credit cards, corporate cards, prepaid cards, savings, accounts CDs. (American Express, 2014). †¢ Enterprise architecture (EA) are implemented to serve two major functions 1) to provide a framework to collaborate between business and IT processes 2) EA provides a crucial link for bringing transformational changes (Knorr LeClare, 2011). †¢ American Express was named the InfoWorld/Forrester Enterprise Architecture Award for its EA practices and its framework which was used to allign its business and IT processes which was the change agent to streamline the processeses of its business which was possinle with the help of IT. (Saunders Pearlson, 2013). †¢ New payment methods had to be introduced as mobile payments were starting to be seen and was tapping the leaders of American Express. Leaders were thinking about having additional delivery channels as these new form of payments requried shorter time to market payment products and services and products. (Saunders Pearlson, 2013). †¢ Leaders of American Express had to closely work with multiple solutions delivery team as they had to come up with same applications and strategies. These strategies that were formulated to get a road map that included instructions, actions, and metrics so successes of these actions could be measured. This road mapShow MoreRelatedAn Overview of Multinational Companies4189 Words   |  17 Pagesglobal management. Very large multinationals have budgets that exceed those of many small countries. Sometimes referred to as a transnational corporation A multinational corporation (MNC) or multinational enterprise (MNE) is a corporation enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. It can also be referred to as an international corporation. They play an important role in globalization Nearly all major  multinationals are either American, Japanese or  Western EuropeanRead MoreCultural Diversity of Russian Population1511 Words   |  7 PagesCULTURAL DIVERSITY OF RUSSIAN POPULATION 2 Cross cultural issues arise from differences in values, behavior and thinking between Americans and people from other countries. Misunderstandings frequently result from cultural differences which lead to ineffective communication and implications for the healthcare system (Kaakinen, Gedaly-Duff, Coehlo, amp; Harmon Hansen, 2010). In orderRead MoreCitibank: Launching the Credit Card in Asia Pacific1087 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Credit Card in Asia Pacific Citigroup is an American multinational financial services company based in New York City. Citigroup was formed from one of the world s largest mergers in history by combining the banking giant Citicorp and financial conglomerate Travelers Group. Nowadays is one of the world’s largest banks. 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It is the third biggest retailer on the planet measured by profits and second-biggest retailer on the planet measured by incomes. It has stores in 12 nations crosswise over Asia and Europe and is the basic supply advertise pioneer in the UK (where it has a piece of the overall industry of throughout 28.4%), Ireland, Hungary, Malaysia, and Thailand. Tesco was establishedRead MoreBombardier2867 Words   |  12 PagesBOMBARDIER Trevor Davies Steve Bernier Paul Gos Jeff Cosentino Bombardier Bombardier Inc., a diversified manufacturing and service company, is a world leading manufacturer of business jets, regional aircraft, rail transportation equipment. It is also a provider of financial services and asset management. 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Its main headquarters are in Memphis Tennessee USA and its subsidiaries include FedEx Express, FedEx Office, FedEx Trade Networks, FedEx GroundRead MoreFedex vs Ups26352 Words   |  106 Pagesoffer. More products and services, more information and ideas, more people and places. FedEx helped create that expectation. And we deliver on it millions of times a day, providing the access to transform possibilities into reality. While our early days are legendary, today s FedEx has grown up into a $29-billion network of companies, offering just the right mix of transportation, information, document management and supply chain solutions. And we still back our services with the absolutely, positively

Sample Code of Ethics - 2889 Words

Build Trust and Credibility The success of our business is dependent on the trust and confidence we earn from our employees, customers and shareholders. We gain credibility by adhering to our commitments, displaying honesty and integrity and reaching company goals solely through honorable conduct. It is easy to say what we must do, but the proof is in our actions. Ultimately, we will be judged on what we do. When considering any action, it is wise to ask: will this build trust and credibility for [Company Name]? Will it help create a working environment in which [Company Name] can succeed over the long term? Is the commitment I am making one I can follow through with? The only way we will maximize trust and credibility is by answering†¦show more content†¦Because of the nature of our business, some legal requirements warrant specific mention here. Competition We are dedicated to ethical, fair and vigorous competition. We will sell [Company Name] products and services based on their merit, superior quality, functionality and competitive pricing. We will make independent pricing and marketing decisions and will not improperly cooperate or coordinate our activities with our competitors. We will not offer or solicit improper payments or gratuities in connection with the purchase of goods or services for [Company Name] or the sales of its products or services, nor will we engage or assist in unlawful boycotts of particular customers. Proprietary Information It is important that we respect the property rights of others. We will not acquire or seek to acquire improper means of a competitor’s trade secrets or other proprietary or confidential information. We will not engage in unauthorized use, copying, distribution or alteration of software or other intellectual property. Selective Disclosure We will not selectively disclose (whether in one-on-one or small discussions, meetings, presentations, proposals or otherwise) any material nonpublic information with respect to [Company Name], its securities, business operations, plans, financial condition, results of operations or any development plan. We should be particularly vigilant when making presentationsShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Workplace923 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience an overview of the ethics of the workplace related to the issues of ownership, privacy and monitoring in a working environment. There are practical examples to demonstrate how ethics play an important role in working environments related to information privacy but still there is less consensus on uniquely identifying specific ethical issues. 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Essay on Business Plan - 2372 Words

. Successful firms generate long-term profits by delivering unsurpassed value to their customers. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): True Correct Incorrect Ungraded 2. A firm will experience a loss when its revenue is less than its expenses. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): True Correct Incorrect Ungraded 3. Business will incur a profit when expenses are higher than revenue. A) True B) False Points Earned: 2.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): False Correct Incorrect Ungraded 4. Profit is the money that a business earns in revenue, minus investments, and the cost of salaries. A) True B) False Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): False Correct†¦show more content†¦Good friends, Ben and Josh, are working on a team assignment in statistics. They had planned to work on the project last night, but Josh called at the last minute saying he had a conflict. Ben ended up doing all of the work. The instructor is giving each student the opportunity to critique the effort of his or her partner. Ben knows Josh needs the points on the assignment in order to pass the course and would like to keep Josh as a friend. If Ben decides to say that Josh deserves equal credit, he would be using relative ethical standards. A) True B) False Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): True Correct Incorrect Ungraded 22. Business ethics is the application of right and wrong, good and bad in a business setting. A) True B) False Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): True Correct Incorrect Ungraded 23. A question to ask when making a decision based on individual ethical beliefs is: could you defend your decision on the nightly TV news? A) True B) False Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): True Correct Incorrect Ungraded 24. In order to make ethical decisions, it is helpful to think about several questions, including: 1) who will be impacted by the decision, 2) who will benefit from the decision, and 3) who will suffer from the decision. A) True B) False Points Earned: 0.0/2.0 Correct Answer(s): TrueShow MoreRelatedBusiness Plan For A Business Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pagesbrand-new business, expand an existing company, or get financing for a business venture, you will need to write a business plan. A business plan not only lends your business a sense of credibility, but also helps you to cover all your bases, increasing your chances of success. Although writing a business plan can be a lengthy, intimidating project, it is not necessarily difficult. Here is an overview of how to write a successful business plan. 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My Father’s Death Free Essays

My Father’s Death I had always thought that all little girls had the same dream as me. Ever since I was a little girl, I dreamed of the day that I would get married; the most important moment would be walking down the aisle by the arm of my father. My father is one of the most important persons in my life. We will write a custom essay sample on My Father’s Death or any similar topic only for you Order Now He is my hero, my motivation, my everything. It never passed through my mind that I would have to struggle with many difficult phases at such a young age. When I started to attend middle school, I lived in Matamoros. My first day of classes in middle school was different. It was different because the person who always dropped me off at school on my first day was not with me, â€Å"my father. † My father could not be with me because he had just started getting sick. He had some problems with his liver. His body threw away the proteins as well his blood. I remember the first time he threw up blood; that moment my mom became very worried, and nervous. I was just 13 years old when this incident happened and it was just a few days before I started my first day of middle school. During this time, we had our first visit to the hospital, and most of the visits to the hospital were for blood transfusions. After three years, when I graduated from middle school and my father was a little bit better, I decided to move to San Benito to start high school. I lived in San Benito with my father’s brother, Jose, for just six weeks because I had some problems with my relatives, so I moved to Brownsville. There I lived with my father’s sister my aunt Laura. It was more difficult to make a drastic change in less than two months. I had to adapt to Brownsville. They were two different towns and it took me more time to adapt to living without my parents and my two brothers; I lived with my uncle and my aunt because my parents are not U. S. citizens and they did not have a visa. School in San Benito was easier for me; in contrast, Brownsville’s schools were more difficult. It was weird that people in San Benito spoke Spanish. While on the other hand Brownsville spoke English, even though it is closer to Mexico than San Benito. In the end, it helped me a lot because I do not know all the English language very well, but what I know it’s thanks to that. I just lived for eight months with my aunt Laura. So the following three years of High School, I stared to cross the bridge every single day. Before I got back to school from summer vacation I started noticing that my dad was feeling sick again, and I heard my mom crying and saying that my dad had cancer. I was not supposed to know this, but I was behind the door. At the beginning of 2007, my father started complaining about a pain in his coccyx. When my dad went to the doctor, he told the doctor that he felt something was hurting him in his back. The doctor did not pay too much attention to that but every time that my dad went to see him, he said the same information. My dad started attending some therapies in order to take away the pain; unfortunately they were in vain because we started noticing that the cancer had increased, and he was getting sicker every day. That year my summer was too long and very exhausting because my dad was in the hospital for almost two months. He went into surgery for his pain in his coccyx, but after the operation, he said that he felt pain in one of his legs, which we thought that was produced by the surgery. When he got out of the hospital, he could not walk or sit down anymore. All he could do was just lay in bed. It changed our lives tremendously. My senior year in school began. I just had to pass the science section of the test. At this time I had to divide my time into my personal time, taking care of my dad, doing homework, and helping my mom in the store and cleaning the house. I almost went insane; I did not have a life. When time for TAKS came around, it was peculiar that my dad got in critical conditions but just in the day that I had to take the Science one. I even thought that my dad had to die in order for me to pass my test; ironically it became true. As days passed by, I got tired from crossing the bridge. When I am talking about crossing the bridge every single day a person whose does not have a life like mine can not imagine what it is like to really wait in a line of at least one hour. I have to wake up early in the morning, and the weather sometimes was cloudy, rainy, windy, or cold. Besides all this, I had to take the city bus to get to school. It was fine for me but sometimes the bus was late or if the bus broke down they took us in a van but the problem was that they gave preference to the elderly instead of the students. It is a chaos to have or to live a situation like this. In September, my father had his first encephalopathy: he was in a comma, but had no ventilator. He was in that critical state just for a week the first time. The day that he woke up, my nephew was born, and he did not remember anything except that. During the Thanksgiving holiday, the situation in my house became more intensive. My dad was in his last phase. One day before Thanksgiving, he entered his second and last encephalopathy and never woke again. The last word that he yelled was â€Å"Manue,† my mom’s name, and he went in again into a critical state. I felt that my world and my life were going down; I felt sadness, fear, and hopelessness, etc. On Saturday, the priest came and put Holy Oils on my father. After that my mom said that my dad could die at any moment; she said I had to be prepared for whatever was going to happen. I started to pray in front of his bed and I said â€Å"Dear God: I’m very thankful to you because you gave me the most wonderful father that a girl can have. If it is your decision to take my father with you, I will accept it. I know it will be difficult but I know you’ll never let me give up. Amen† That night was the longest night I ever had; I kissed my father for the last time. The next day was Sunday; my family started arriving to my house because we saw that my father was in his last stage and that at any moment he could die. At 10 A. M. he was had some convulsions my mom, my brothers and I started to pray; at 11:25 A. M. he died in my house. I dropped myself into his body and I stared crying and saying â€Å"Porque te lo llevaste? †(Why did you take him? ). I could not believe that my dad had gone. I felt that everything would not be the same, that my life would stop in all senses. During the funeral I always thought that it was easy to receive the condolence; but the reality was the opposite. The thoughts that passed through my mind in that time was that my dad was on a trip and that he would be back soon. When I got near to the coffin I realize that it was true that he died. In the funeral I never cried. I contained the desire to cry. After the funeral passed I did not want to return to school because I thought that it did not have sense to continue with my future if my dad was not with me supporting me. After a week, I returned to school. I had to go back to my life even though my heart was bleeding and felt empty. I passed my TAKS, exactly like I said it would happen; my father had to die in order for me to pass and graduate from High School. It was difficult to handle but I had to learn to live with this pain in my heart and make myself the idea that he is in a better place, without pain, where there is no suffering, that he is in the God’s hands. I passed all my classes and in June 9th, 2008 I graduated from High School. That day was one of the most important in my life and I know that my dad feels proud of me. In the Fall I stared college and now I am in my second semester. Now I understand that I was wrong when I thought that my life had to stop. Now my dad is my motivation to continue with my studies, my career and my life. Thank you daddy!! This experience helped me mature as a person. My father will always be my motivation, even though I still dream with that important day. I know that if I get married my dad will be with me inside of my heart walking down the aisle as if he were by my side holding my arm. How to cite My Father’s Death, Papers

HumanitiesCritical Thinking

Question: Read and respond as requested to the following Scenario. Denise Hall has been offering support to senior Liberal officials and business leaders with regard to the accusation that they are not sufficiently scientifically educated. These accusations have been generated by journalists working for the Sydney Morning Herald and are basically targeted at politicians and business leaders that have slipped up on scientific issues concerning climate change, causal links between abortion and breast cancer and the amount of greenhouse gasses Australia emits, among other things. However, senior Liberal advisors are beginning to wonder whether the importance of science should be played down in the public domain, if not the private. So they have enlisted your help in determining whether the letter that Ms Hall has sent to senior politicians and leaders in business has any worth. You are being asked to provide the support needed to establish whether the message in Ms Halls letter is convincing enou gh to sell to the public. This will mean compiling accurate and comprehensive data on her letter that is easy for the advisors to understand and access. The advisors will be providing advice to senior Liberal politicians and business leaders based on your evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of Ms Halls argument. Therefore, you are also asked to suggest what the advice should contain, i.e. to continue to downplay the significance of science in the public domain, promote the idea that science has an authoritative role to play in public decisions, to take a neutral stance, or some other possible action/nonaction. 1. Some resources have been made available to you to help in compiling your report, which include: 2. A copy of Ms Halls letter that has been circulated to senior Liberal party advisors and business leaders. 3. Links to the articles that the letter is directly responding to. 4. Links to articles that discuss the topic of scientism. 5. Feel free to utilise any further material you deem relevant. But remember, it is only the argument contained in the letter that is being evaluated, so it must be relevant to the claims being made by Ms Hall. Answer: Major Arguments in the letter The major arguments that can be found within the Ms Denise halls letter are: The science is the benchmark of an educated society.....in promoting a healthy society. We find that science offers as the final explanation for our existence.....But, alas, science is mute on this point. In fact, it is our churches, mosques and synagogues that we learn about the meaning and value of life.....not science. When we turn to questions of an ethical nature......could accept. As we all know, knowledge involves the exercise of wisdom.....capacity for wisdom?. Hence, it is evident that our countrys leaders are right to downplay the significance of science.......it has little if anything to contribute. Standardization of the identified Arguments According to the argument 1, science is not the only or absolute way for the development of the educated society. Over the years, it has been found that the most of the news papers and the most of the technical thoughts claimed that it is very much necessary to have scientific knowledge for the development of a educated society. However, it has been found that the science do not have the explanation for all the events that happens within the universe. It is quite evident that science does not have the ability to describe the natural events. Therefore, the argument 1 made on the letter is quite evident. In the argument 2, it has been claimed that though the modern science claims that it provides the final explanation to the each events happened within the universe. However, it is very much evident that the science failed to explain the events like the contraction and the expansion of the universe with precisions. On this scenario, it has been seen that science has explained these phenomenon with assumptions and historical evidences Bruner (2014). Therefore, it is very much evident that science does not have the explanation for all. According to argument 3, our trust and the conventional social education system provides the knowledge about the values and meaning of life. Therefore, to develop a educated society it is very necessary to infuse the value and meaning of the life through trusting the basic thoughts of the society. However, Eric Abets contradicted this argument through stating that the basic knowledge of science is the key for the development of the educated society. Eric Abets cited the example of the increasing abortion and breast cancer on this issue Pedersen (2012). This contradictory evident is very strong and therefore, the argument 3 could be standardised through stating that both the science and the conventional knowledge is required to develop an educated society. Ethics is one of the most important aspects for the development of a society. Through the argument 4, it has been expressed that it is the inability of the science that it fails to explain the concept of ethics to the society. However, Eric Abets argued that the basic knowledge about the science would provide the judgemental power to the society on different issues like GM crops, smoking, alcohol etc (The Sydney Morning Herald, 2014). This contradiction is quite logical. Therefore, the argument 4 can be furthermore standardised through stating that for the development and establishment of the societal ethical points both the science and the conventional thoughts are required. Wisdom and the knowledge are very much interrelated to each other Theunissen (2014). Through the argument 5, it has been explained that it is well known that the knowledge can only be acquired through the practice of wisdom. It directly counters the thoughts of science through questioning its capacity. On this argument, it has been told, Science is a small component of human intellectual. It has been quite evident that in the establishment of the societal and the global brotherhood it requires wisdom not the atomic powers. Therefore, considering the present global and the internal societal facts it is quite significant that the society needs knowledge and wisdom rather than the science. Through the argument 6 the action of the political leaders were supported in downplaying the science issue. It has been stated that the science can only provide solutions to the practical issue. However, while catering with the bigger fundamental and societal issues it requires the involvement of the humanity and the wisdom rather than scientific contribution. However, in the incidents like Ebola it has been observed that the fundamental thoughts restricted the human involvement. However, science allowed the human access with optimum protection and this enabled the greater society to control this disease to some extent (Dean, 2006). Therefore, a further standardization on the statement 6 can be made through stating that for the greater benefit of the society a union of science and wisdom is required. Strengths and Weaknesses (SW) found in the arguments 1 SW of Argument 1 The major strength of the argument 1 is that it is very much true that only the knowledge will not help to develop an educated society. The main reason behind this is that according to (Gregory, 2010) knowledge of science only helps to become well-informed society however, it is the basic knowledge of the humanity that will help to develop a well educated society. The major weakness of this argument is that it completely denies the contribution of science. It is very evident from some of the facts that the conventional social thoughts sometimes failed to save the human life but science saved human life at that time. Therefore, downplaying the contribution of science could lead to a societal myopia within the society. 2 SW of Argument 2 The major strength of this argument is that it has very successfully pointed out the limitations of the science. Over the years, it has been seen that science has claimed that it has the ultimate answer but it has significantly failed to provide clarification on the natural issues (Agassi, 2014). Science tried to provide answers of these situations through complex analysis through taking help from the conventional explanations. Therefore, it is evident that science is not self sufficient to explain everything. The weakness of this statement is the debate between science V/s philosophy is a long-lived debate and the main theme of the debate is what has been illustrated through this statement. Therefore, this statement does not state anything else. 3 SW of Argument 3 The main strength of this statement is that improvises the source of the core thoughts and the trust on the almighty. According to Skyrms (2014) the formation of the society and the societal bonding has been developed through keeping trust upon the almighty and the meaning of the life has been derived from this belief. This belief works as a invisible bonding to keep the society into a particular form. The weakness of this argument is that through dividing the source of core belief and knowledge it somewhere influences the communal thoughts within the society 4 SW of Argument 4 The strength of this statement is that it is very much evident that the human emotions and the human beliefs have developed a code of ethics that says to develop the brotherhood among the societies for the betterment of the individual and the society. This development of ethics is completely driven by the core beliefs and human emotions (Heath, 2014). Therefore, the statement is very much valid in any societal context. It also has shown the limitation of science on the human behavioural factors. The weakness of this argument is that it shows biasness against science. It is true that science do not have any explanation on the ethics but the modern science through the man watching study has successfully explained couple of ethical codes. 5 SW of Argument 5 It is very much evident that the practice of wisdom has major contribution in the development of knowledge. The ancient wisdom has given the platform for the enrichment of the knowledge through the synthesis on the wisdom. This argument clearly defines the barrier of science for the development of societal knowledge (White, 2014). The main weakness of this argument is that it only focuses on the societal knowledge development. It does not provide focuses to the other aspects of the knowledge like the medical knowledge and other functional knowledge. SW of Argument 6 The major strength of this argument is that it provides a direction to the political leaders about the advancement of the society. The main weakness of this statement is that it promotes the negative sense on the science education. This will affect the societal development adversely in the longer run. Analysis of the rhetoric According to The Sydney Morning Herald (2014) the popularity of the science education has been decreased by 40% over the years. This significantly points out the decreasing interest on science especially from the Australian youth. The letter from Ms hall very aggressively points out the limitation of the science and it says that the practice of the wisdom is much required than the practice of science. According to Philip Kitcher both the conventional and the scientific knowledge is very much required for the betterment of the society (Kitcher, 2012). According to him, the evolution of society has been transferred from the conventional thoughts to the scientific thoughts. This transformation has changed the dimension of the learning. The modern society demands the domain specific knowledge that is only possible through the practice of science. If the Australian leaders and the business houses downplay the science and the science-education, it will create a social chaos within a short time. This will not only affect the growth of the Australian society but also will damage the growth of the country especially in the areas like medical, manufacturing etc. However, it is very much supportable that the controllable scientific application needs to be applied for the betterment of the society (Agassi, 2014). On this segment, the political and the business houses needs to be apply science for the betterment of the larger society. In present scenario, it has been seen that some of the companies and some of the agencies claims something that is vague and false. Therefore, the science education will help to reduce the growth of this kind of activities. The particular letter says about the effectiveness of the wisdom, knowledge and ethics. On this three aspects the writer has raised the question about the capacity of the science through deliberately pointing out some of the gray areas of science. According to Gregory (2010) to become an educated society both knowledge and logic is very much required. White (2014) stated that the only the moral and ethical development will never be able to develop an educated society. The main reason behind this is that only the ethical and the synthesis of the wisdom cannot develop the nature of the critical thinking. The nature of critical thinking only can be developed through the practice of science. Therefore, from the public point of view the negative biasness on the science will reduce the critical thinking process of the society. According to Dean (2006) the science should be applied though the utilitarianism approach. The main reason for this is that it will help to develop a society through its good practices because science is a logical cause effect process. On the other hand, the concept of Social Darwinism improvises the Survival of the fittest and the creation of wealth. However, the creation of wealth creates discrimination within the society and this will create a misbalance within the society. This misbalance in future could lead to the destruction of the social bonding. Recommendations Throughout the study, it has been seen that the main motto of the letter is to promote the gray side of the science. This letter also appreciated the downplaying on the science from the political leaders. However, it is highly recommended that not to downplay the science and the science education within the society. Moreover, the Australian political leaders need to provide more stress on the science education. In the case of Ebola in South Africa, the South African community failed to even create an initial barrier only because of lower awareness about handing of the issue. This awareness only can be provided by the scientific education. On the other hand, it is also very highly recommended that a well structured social education road map needs to be developed that will contain both the synthesis of the wisdom and the practice of the science. The wisdom will provide the knowledge about the humanity and the values of life. On the other hand, science will help the society to analyze the events through the logical process. Moreover, the basic knowledge of science will help the society to differentiate between the truth and the false claims. The other recommendation is that while describing the need and the content of the meaning of life, values and ethics of life and society it is better not to bring the churches, mosques affront. Bringing this affront may influence the communal thoughts within the system. The growth of the communal through is very dangerous for the society and the country. On the other hand, it is recommended that to keep the science and conventional learning separate from each other. Science v/s religious thoughts it is a long haul debate and it has created may disparities within the society. Therefore, to maintain the societal harmony it is better not to mix these two aspects. Reference List Books Dean, K. (2006). Realism, philosophy and social science. Basingstoke [England]: Palgrave Macmillan. Skyrms, B. (2014). Social dynamics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Journals Agassi, J. (2014). Introducing Philosophy of Social Science., Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44(4), pp.536-550. Bruner, J. (2014). Diversity, tolerance, and the social contract., Politics, Philosophy Economics. 12(6), pp.23-30. Gregory, J. (2010). The political philosophy of Walzer's social criticism., Philosophy Social Criticism, 36(9), pp.1093-1111. Heath, J. (2014). Rebooting discourse ethics., Philosophy Social Criticism, 40(9), pp.829-866. Pedersen, J. (2012). Social philosophy: A reconstructive or deconstructive discipline?., Philosophy Social Criticism, 38(6), pp.619-643. Theunissen, M. (2014). The Idea of Philosophy and Its Relation to Social Science., Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 44(2), pp.151-178. White, S. (2014). Does Critical Theory need strong foundations?.,Philosophy Social Criticism. 2(5),pp.12-16. Websites Kitcher, P. (2012). The Trouble With Scientism: Underrate The Humanities and Arts at Your Own Peril. [online] The New Republic. Available at: https://www.newrepublic.com/article/books-and-arts/magazine/103086/scientism-humanities-knowledge-theory-everything-arts-science [Accessed 9 Jan. 2015]. The Sydney Morning Herald, (2014). Science the benchmark of an educated society. [online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/science-the-benchmark-of-an-educated-society-20141019-118cwl.html [Accessed 9 Jan. 2015].