LEGO Billund, Denmark free essay sample

In this report I will focus on toy manufacturing company called LEGO and its goals of expending their business in China. The project will contain of 10 pages which will include internal and external analyses of the company and chosen country environment or market. In this project I will try to analyze Chinese market for toys with the purpose of reaching a better foundation for decision regarding their strategic situation. I will use information from books, internet and my decisions are going to be based on knowledge and information I have collected. Problem Proposal How LEGO should change their strategic situation in Chinese market? What kind of strategic proposals company should choose? What target groups, positions and segments LEGO should attract the most? Delimitation In this report I am going to talk about LEGO’s target groups, mainly B2C market. Also I will include market size and geographical position of the market. We will write a custom essay sample on LEGO Billund, Denmark or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will talk about company’s insides, their mission, vision and values. Moreover, I will talk about possibilities and resources to expend their market in China in addition I will include financial position of the company and some statistical information. Furthermore, I will talk about living costs and economy to get better insight due to market expansion in current country. In this project I will not include any political and environmental analyzes because in my opinion they are not relevant in this case. Methodology In this case study, I will try to find out, proper answers and solutions for my problem proposal. First of all, I will divide analysis into 2 sections: internal (inside of the company) and external (chosen market). In the Internal part I will briefly go through company’s history and existence. After that, I am going to present LEGO’s vision and mission, to get a better insight of company’s goals and attitudes towards their wishes. Also I am going to talk about their value chain, on which steps LEGO is trying to build value for their customers. Moreover, it is important to discuss company’s financial position at the moment and organizational structure. To  sum up internal analyses I am going to use SWot. After the internal part I will discuss only strengths and weaknesses. Afterwards I will start the internal part I will analyze China’s market, where LEGO wants to spread their business. To get a full understanding of all the different powers, pushing the company, I will use Porter’s 5 forces. These analyze shows how different powers, such as: suppliers, buyers and etc. can influence business. To sum up the external part I will use swOT, I will talk only about threats and opportunities. The second part, after internal and external analyses, I am going to talk how LEGO should generate and select their strategy (STP) in China. Also, I am going to offer a marketing mix (4P’s) and talk a bit about implementation. After all the research and my proposals I will make a conclusion. Analysis section Step 1: Internal analysis Short Introduction LEGO is a Danish company established in 1932 by Ole Kirk Christiansen, a carpenter from Billund, Denmark. In 1947 company expanded their production by producing plastic toys. Moreover in 1949 company went even further and started to produce the early version of the now famous interlocking bricks, calling them Automatic Binding Bricks. The Lego Groups motto is â€Å"det bedste er ikke for godt† which means roughly only the best is the best. Today Lego is one of the most successful toy manufacturers in the world. Company sells their products world-wide and even leads markets in particular countries. Now company mainly focuses on Asian especially China market, because it is developing really fast and China is one of the BRIC countries. Mission and Vision Mission: ‘Inspire and develop the builders of tomorrow’ Our ultimate purpose is to inspire and develop children to think creatively, reason systematically and release their potential to shape their own future experiencing the endless human possibility. Vision: ‘Inventing the future of play’ We want to pioneer new ways of playing, play materials and the business models of play leveraging globalization and digitalizationit is not just about products, it is about realizing the human possibility.1 Value chain LEGO is a company which is very aware of their value chain. It is really important for them to create a value on every production and service step, because in China value based products goes to the top. First of all, company’s core values are: imagination – creativity – fun – learning – caring and quality. Every department of LEGO is trying to keep those values on the top; starting from the infrastructure and ending with the services. Thinking about that LEGO friends are already in China, it is important to understand how company is building their value for customers and how they can improve it. Residents of China are very focused on youngster’s population, after they made one-child law, so it is very important that LEGO friend would show that they are as much concerned about children as their parents are. It is important to know that LEGO’s core values are quality, from the very beginning of the company; they started to make toys from a quality wood and later on plastics. Moreover, company in their making process uses renewable energy, to reduce the impact to the environment. LEGO wants to be known for their passion, dedication to work and how carefully they create everything. In this case, all the documentations and chemical researches on materials are released into the public. Company is using only environmentally safe materials, so they are trying to be close with their suppliers and pay extra costs to minimize the environmental impact and at the same time create a value for the customer. LEGO is a toy making company, so they need to be very aware of the quality and what kind of message they are sending to their customers. Also, the company is very aware of human rights, that’s why, in 2012 LEGO issued a new Code of Conduct to set rules for the company and how it should threat the workers. Moreover, this Code of Conduct was released because LEGO was very concerned about their employees in China. According to the LEGO group progress report â€Å"The Pearl River delta where most of our Chinese suppliers are situated is currently struggling  with labor shortages.† In this case, LEGO created very favorable working conditions. Such values are vital for parent’s opinion about the company when they are choosing witch products they want to purchase. By creating these values LEGO feels the market demand for LEGO friends in China, that is why, the company will start to build toy factory in China, Jiaxing from 2014. This move will add value to outbound logistics and will shorten company’s lead times. From everything what LEGO is doing for China, we can see that it is really important for them to take an appropriate root in China. Therefore, company wants to show Chinese customers that they are the best in all possible ways, and if not then LEGO will do their best to become leaders. But there is always another side of company’s inside problems and of course LEGO also has few. Their cost strategy is not adapted to a Chinese customer. Most of the toys production in China is focused on low-cost strategy. It does not mean anything wrong, but I just want to underline that LEGO’s price strategy could cause some problems. Also as an international company LEGO is facing some outbound logistic issues. Company depends on the partnerships they have with many global partners. These partnerships require LEGO to have mutual benefit for their co-operations. This is the reason why company will start to build their own factory, but until that time, they will be dependable on these partnerships in China. Moreover, LEGO’s marketing strategy is not fully developed for Chinese market. Company should create more culturally customized products, and do not put everything on â€Å"skillful toys†. They should concentrate on intimate customer values and allocate their marketing according to the different countries.

Early Childhood Education and Childcare Essays

Early Childhood Education and Childcare Essays Early Childhood Education and Childcare Essay Early Childhood Education and Childcare Essay Drumhead Why Universal Childcare? is a great rubric for an article such as this 1. The inquiry enters the reader into a huge pool of possible replies to the inquiry. First off. what does cosmopolitan childcare average? For me. I believe that cosmopolitan child care means all around child care. non merely in a general sense. but all over the map child care. Most people don’t see a job with child care in Canada. but it seems as if there are some issues refering to the system of child care in Canada. In a state of close to five million kids of 0-12 old ages of age. Canada now has fewer than 900. 000 regulated child care infinites. The per centum of kids for whom a infinite is available increased merely to 17. 5 per centum about a 10 per centum addition over the past 15 years . ( Prentice. 2009. p. 1 ) . A frequent job most organizations/programs tally into is frequently funding the plans. Without support. the plans normally suffer and do non run into the maximal sum of attention and quality that it should be able to run into. Along with this. the childhood educators/childcare suppliers may be undertrained. The quality of the attention is often distressing: limited public funding forces plans to run as cheaply as possible. and demands for plans are low. The early childhood pedagogues who provide the attention are underpaid and frequently undertrained. Overall. Canada’s early childhood instruction and care state of affairs suffers from chronic disregard. ( Prentice. 2009. p. 1 ) . Another ground why this state of affairs may come across as flooring to most people. is because Canada is an highly affluent state. so you could anticipate Canada to hold a really strong child care plans. Childcare plans are ever altering. they have changed drastically in the last few old ages. most plans are now looking for ways to construe ways of acquisition and more societal support for kids. ECEC ( Early Childcare Education and Care ) is about an incorporate and consistent attack to policy. It is about supplying attention that includes all kids and all kids irrespective of employment or socio-economic position. ( Prentice. 2009. p. 4 ) . Integrating societal support and larning into these child care plans will spread out the cognition and adaptability of kids when come ining their ulterior childhood instructions. The history of child care helps explicate why today child care plans are ill put together. The beginnings of child care were in philanthropic gift and benevolence. From the mid- 19th century to the center of the 20th century. most of what we know today as child care plans were provided by educational. philanthropic. or spiritual organisations. frequently led by outstanding adult females. ( Prentice. 2009. p. 71 ) . Women were the 1s who usually ran the child care centres. but as we see today. adult females are come ining the paid work force. The authoritiess did non play a function back so. hence they did non play a portion in the duty. Today. we count on the authorities to assist fund and form these plans. which is still a underdeveloped undertaking. After World War II. the federal authorities stopped funding child care. This lead out into effusions which lead to: The Day of Nurseries Act. which became Canada’s foremost provincial statute law. This lead to the figure of childcare plans spread outing. We saw a prima alteration in child care happen in 2006. when the Harper Conservatives made childcare one of their five prima promises. In the 2006 election the Harper Conservatives made childcare one of their five taking promises . ( Prentice. 2009. p. 84. ) . Unfortunately. what was promised to parents neer happened. Childcare disappeared in importance. How were parents supposed to swear anyone with their childcare money’ ? Following the cancellation of the national child care program. childcare infinite enlargement showed the smallest addition in regulated kid attention in some old ages: an addition of merely 26. 661 infinites since 2006. ( Prentice. 2009. p. 86 ) . The writer is seeking to demo the reader the importance of history. and how the small things contribute to how child care as a whole has developed over the old ages. Besides. the importance of support plans for child care.

Analysis of Brand Loyalty in China’s Cosmetic Market

Analysis of Brand Loyalty in Chinas Cosmetic Market 1.0 What is cosmetic market? ‘Cosmetic’ are not strange to everyone, even though some people don’t use them. They definitely hear about them. Cosmetics were invented in thousands years ago. When cosmetics were introduced, they were considered as exclusive things used by female. In those times, only few kinds of cosmetics existed. Some people believe cosmetics are limited by some sorts such as perfume, makeup. Actually, cosmetics come in many forms. Except for perfume and makeup, they comprise of shampoo, soap, lotion and others. Cosmetics are used to care for and clean people’ body, maintain people in a well condition and enhance people’ beauty (Kumar et al., 2006). For instance, the goal of sun protection is to keep out UV and reduce the risk of getting skin cancer. In the past, men used cosmetics to dress up would be treated effeminate. Certainly, people didn’t hear about men’s cosmetic advertising. Nowadays, the reality has graduall y changed. The cosmetics have not been the patent of women. Men and kids join in group of using cosmetics. The number is increasingly growing up. Està ©e Lauder as the first women’s cosmetic companies tried to enter the male cosmetic market in 1964. After 1year trial, it came out with Aramis and an entire line for men’s skin. (Alpern) In cosmetic market, thousands of cosmetics for men and kid are available. In past ten year, cosmetic companies launched some products that were suitable for both men and women. As men customers increase, companies start to launch new product line for men. Exclusive perfume and cleansing foam were designed for men. In order to target these emerging potential customers, many cosmetic companies invest a lot on advertising through TV, beauty magazine and others. The aim of the advertisement is to convey the idea that cosmetics are not girly products. Some big cosmetic companies employ famous actors or sportsmen to promote products through po sitive imagery. It lets men believe that using cosmetics is very normal. (Souiden and Diagne, 2009) The cosmetic industry is one of the most competitive industries all over the world because more than 300 cosmetic brands exist in the market. Most of these companies utilize great number of resource in Research and development to launch new products every year in order to meet ever-changing customers’ need and demand. Innovation is fundamental to survival and success of cosmetic companies. (Kumar et al., 2006) To stay vantage point during fierce competition, cosmetic companies should create value to customers. The World’ top ten cosmetic companies are Maybellline accounting for 7.4% market share, Avon (5.4%), L’Orà ©al Paris (5.3%), Lancà ´me (4%), Clinique ( 3.6%), Revlon (3.3%), Està ©e Lauder (2.9%), Max Factor ( 2.8%), Cover Girl (2.7%) and Shiseido (2.2%) (Ejiofor, 2006). All of them seize about 40% of the market share. 1.1 Overview of cosmetic market in C hina China is the countries with the largest population in the world it makes up one-fifth of the world’s population. The population growth rate of China is 0.629% in 2008 with a current average life expectancy of 73.18. Men possess 51.8% of the total population whereas women possess 48.2%. (Nancy E, 2008) Chinese paying more attention to beauty can date back to ancientry. It has already deeply rooted in Chinese culture. In Chinese poetry and art, beauty has always been extol (Newham, 2006)

E-Cigarettes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

E-Cigarettes - Essay Example Article number one, â€Å"Use of E- Cigarettes Rises Sharply Among Teenagers, Report says† by Sabrina Tavernise and article number two, â€Å"Teens use e-cigarettes for ‘dripping,’ study says† By Susan Scutti both cover the topic of E-Cigarettes usage. In the articles, the authors both include data, research, opinions, and more. Writers Sabrina Tavernise and Susan Scutti use many strategies to persuade and pass a meaningful message to the readers. Each article covers the facts and data of E-Cigarette usage as well as portraying the message that their simply just isn’t enough data and research collected yet on the topic. Although article number two leans more towards the innocent positive side of the topic, from my understanding both authors weren’t sure if E-Cigarettes had a positive or negative effect on youths and people around the globe. In order to portray their message, each author used Logos. Logos relies on logic and reason. Both author s used Logos by including the old and current data as well as showing visuals and adding quotes and opinions by reliable people in the community.

Business Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Finance - Essay Example The maximization act in general is the one being criticized as the managers tend to be carried away by the mere feeling to satisfice and not really come up with means of maximizing or optimizing according the theories of finance. This means that the mangers go for solutions which they regard as satisfactory yet they need to seek the best solutions that are possible respecting the existing constraints. Considering the structure of most modern firms, it is almost impossible to single out the mangers true motives. Modern firms are mostly organized to operate as a corporation where shareholders happen to be the legal owners of such firms and the managers have been given the mandate to act on behalf of their shareholders. This happens if the manager is out to merely satisfy the firm’s stockholders while at the same time pursing other goals of his or her own interests that are in no manner related to attempts to try and maximize the firm’s value. A good example is charitable organizations where it is hard to tell the firm’s support makes an integral part of its value maximization in long terms. In addition, considering a case where the size of the firm in continuously increasing yet the profits are not; this can be attributed to the decision of the manager to have his motivation as being to expand the size of the business through increasing its prestige association with other lager firms or an effort to make the firm more recognized on the market place. It becomes very hard to come up with definite answers to situations like the ones mentioned above resulting to some of the financial theorists to come up with theories on firm behavior. The theories have come up with different situation in relation to the managers and maximization of the ownership wealth. They include; A firm manager may primarily try to maximize the growth or size of the firm and not its current value, the firm’s manager may try to maximize their own welfare or utility and in other cases a firm being considered as a collection of different individuals who have divergent goals rather than one common goal (Williamson 2000, p. 73) As the financial theories regarding firm try to increase the understanding on how firms behave, they don’t necessarily provide the most desired solution especially when it comes to wealth maximization considering the dynamics in the structures of different firms. However, they serve as basis for better understanding and interpretation of different behaviors witnessed in firms. Financial theorists have argued that it is the intense market competition for services and goods that usually force the firm managers to make decisions regarding value and wealth maximization. If a firm fails to come up with the right decision regarding alternatives that are most efficient which imply the need to go for maximum costs for every output level, considering the commodity market price being produced by the firm, other firms may end up o utcompeting the firm thus pushing it out of existence. Competition also impacts the firm operations through the capital market. In such as case, stockholders are mainly interested in their stocks returns as well as the prices of their stock which are determined by the value of the firm, that is the expected profits current value that has been discounted. This forces the managers to maximize the profits of the

Ascorbic acid content of fruit juice Essay Example for Free

Ascorbic acid content of fruit juice Essay OBJECTIVE To determine ascorbic acid content in a sample of fruit juice by using titration method with 0.001M 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, C12H7O2NCl2. INTRODUCTION image00.png Structure of Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid, the chemical term for vitamin C, are found naturally in fruits and green vegetables. It is a dietary requirement for normal metabolism, formation of collagen, wound healing, and tissue repair. Ascorbic acid is often used as an antioxidant to help prevent free radical damage in the skin, builds resistance to infection, aids in the prevention treatment of the common cold, and aids in the absorption of iron. Yet, vitamin C cannot be synthesized by the body, and needs to be ingested. A lack of vitamin C can cause abnormalities of the spine, scurvy, and a reduction in the ability of the body to heal wounds. The determining factors as to whether organic substances can be determined in an aqueous medium depend primarily on the functional groups that characterise the redox properties. The determination of ascorbic acid content is based on the oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid: C6H8O6→ C6H6O6 + 2e- + 2H+ image01.png The redox potential depends on the pH and without adequate buffering the pH at the electrode surface can be displaced by the oxidation reaction of the ascorbic acid leading to peak broadening. Vitamin C is found in fruit drinks such as orange juice and also other sources like vegetables, liver and kidney meat. Vitamin C in food can be destroyed by cooking, leaching out from fruits and vegetable during washing, and being oxidized when expose to the air. Thus, food that rich in vitamin C needs to be stored and prepared well. PROCEDURE 1. Standardization of 0.001M 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol solution. 25.00mL aliquot of ascorbic acid solution was pipette into a 100mL conical flask. 0.001M 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol solution is titrated until a faint colour persisted for at least 15 seconds. The molarity of the dye solution is calculated by the result obtained. 2. Ascorbic acid concentration of fruit juice is determined. 5mL of fruit juice was pipette into a 100mL conical flask. 10mL of 5M acetic acid, 5mL of acetone (prevent interference of SO2) and 30mL of water was added, then the mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes and titrated with 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol solution. 3. CuSO4 and bubbling to air. 2 flasks is set up and filled with 25mL of fruit juice in each flask. 1mg of copper sulfate is added to one of the flasks and both are put to bubbled air for 20 minutes. The titration is repeated at the completion of the 20 minutes of air bubbling. DCPIP is a chemical compound used as a redox dye. This dye is blue in base (DCPIP-) and pink in acid (DCPIPH) and the pink form can be reduced by ascorbic acid to a colorless form (DCPIPH2). image03.png Titration with 0.001M 2,6- dichlorophenolindophenol solution Reaction 1: DCPIP- (blue) +H+→ DCPIPH (pink) Reaction 2: DCPIPH (pink) + Ascorbic acid → DCPIPH2 (clear) +Dehydroascorbate If a drop of blue DCPIP dye is added to a low pH solution (pH4.0), it will turn pink (Reaction 1). If a suitable electron donor such as ascorbic acid is present in that solution, it will turn colorless (Reaction 2). When all of the ascorbic acid in the solution has been oxidized to dehydroascorbate, no more electrons will be available to reduce a drop of DCPIPH to the colorless form and the solution will remain pink (Reaction 2 will not take place). The end-point was a faint pink colour that persisted for 15 seconds. (http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/sosteacher/science/45432.shtml) Acetic acid added in Step 2 (iii) and Step 4 of the method will reduce the oxidation of the ascorbic acid by lower the pH of the orange juice to retard the action of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. If the pH is reduced below 3.0, the polyphenol oxidase will be inactivated. Acetic acid also reduces interference from any iron present, and thereby facilitates subsequent clarification of the extract. Since the ascorbic acid is not oxidized, it was existed in L-enantiomer form. Therefore, the L-enantiomer form of ascorbic acid was determined in this experiment. ( James , 1999 ) (http://ag.udel.edu/other_websites/foodworkshop/WSFWorkshop/Enzymatic%20Browning%20(Ch2).htm) image04.png From the experiment, the molarity of the ascorbic acid and the dye solution computed are 0.001134 mol/L and 9.8425 Ãâ€"10-4 mol/L respectively. Hence, the concentration of the ascorbic acid in the fruit juice is 3.27mg/100ml which is much more lower compared to the amount stated in the product label (Sunkist) in which the ascorbic acid content is 150mg/100ml. The high discrepancy between these two values might be due to the oxidization of ascorbic acid, which was exposed to the oxygen for a period of time due to the insufficient of apparatus in the laboratory. This can be improved by not exposing ascorbic acid to oxygen, metals, light and heat, as it can be oxidized easily. Therefore, it must be stored in dark and cold and but not in a metal containment. The mechanisms of ascorbic acids degradation is commonly due to the effect of metal ions and the presence or absence of oxygen. The rate of oxidative degradation of ascorbic acids is commonly proportional to the concentration of ascorbate monoanion (HA-), molecular oxygen and the metal ion. It is known that uncatalyzed oxidation is essentially negligible but the presence of trace metals in food are responsible for most of the oxidative degradations. The potency of metal ions in catalyzing ascorbate degradation depends on the metal involved, its oxidation state, and the presence of cheletors. For example, Cu(II) is about 80 times more potent than Fe(III) while te chelate of Fe(II) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (ETDA) complex is about 4 times more catalytic than free Fe(III). (Fennema , 1996) In this experiment, the potency of copper (II) sulfate in catalyzing ascorbate degradation was tested. One of the conical flask with only fruit juice act as control. It is titrated with 44.70ml of DCPIP for oxidation to occur. On the other hand, another conical flask with fruit juice and 1 mg of copper sulfate titrated with only 11.70ml of DCPIP for oxidation to occur. It is proven that the presence of metal ions responsible for accelerates the rate of degradation of ascorbic acid in an air-saturated fruit juice as less DCPIP is needed. During the step 5, bubbling through air is applied to the ascorbic acid to enhance the oxidation of ascorbic acid by the catalyst, copper. If not, it will consume a lot of time before the reaction can take place. Advantages 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol served as a good electron acceptor. DCPIP is used as the titrant because it only oxidises ascorbic acid and not other substances that might be present and it acts as a self-indicator in the titration It is reasonably accurate, rapid, and convenient. Can be applied to many different types of samples. Disadvantages The end point of a titration for this reaction is difficult to ascertain due to the lack of complete decolourisation of the DCPIP. These methods are not specific or are not very sensitive. The reagent itself is not stable and needs standardization before use. If the sample solution is intensely coloured (fruit juice or syrup), end point detection will be difficult. Better choice for vitamin C According to the hypothesis, content of vitamin C in fresh fruit is suppose to be higher than commercial packet fruit juice. Due to a lot of processing, most of the vitamin C in commercial fruit juice are destroy. The fewer amounts of millilitres of juice it took to turn DCPIP from blue to clear, the larger the amount of vitamin C there was in the drink. Many of the commercial fruit juice are heavily fortified with vitamin C. Conclusion The molarity of the ascorbic acid and the dye solution computed are 0.001134 mol/L and 9.8425 Ãâ€"10-4 mol/L respectively. The concentration of the ascorbic acid in the fruit juice is3.27 mg/100mL which is much more lower than the ascorbic acid content of the label product (15 mg/100mL). this might be due to the oxidation of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is essential to humans. It is involved in the synthesis of collagen, which is the main constituent of skin, connective tissue, and the organic substance of bones and teeth. A deficiency of vitamin C results in a disease called scurvy. A quantity of 60 mg vitamin C per day is enough to prevent the disease, and this is the recommended daily dietary allowance (RDA). (http://a-s.clayton.edu/ptodebus/CHEM1211/lab/experiments/Vitamin%20C/Vit%20C%20titration%20v1.doc) REFERENCES Ceirwyn S.James , 1999, Analytical Chemistry of Foods , An Aspen Publications , page 138,139 Owen R. Fennema, 1996, Food Chemistry, Third Ed., Marcel Deeker,Inc., pg 561,562 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/sosteacher/science/45432.shtml http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrievedb=PubMedlist_uids=7016874dopt=Abstract http://darwin.nmsu.edu/~blyons/BCHE_397/VitaminC.htm http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/docs/vitc.pdf http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/chem/issues/kim-02-26-5/kim-26-5-8-0106-6.pdf#search=Determination%20of%20ascorbic%20acid%20by%20DCPIPIntroduction http://www.naturalhub.com/natural_food_guide_fruit_vitamin_c.htm http://ag.udel.edu/other_websites/foodworkshop/WSFWorkshop/Enzymatic%20Browning%20(Ch2).htm http://a-s.clayton.edu/ptodebus/CHEM1211/lab/experiments/Vitamin%20C/Vit%20C%20titration%20v1.doc

Plessy vs. Ferguson :: essays research papers

Plessy went to court and argued that the Separate Car Act violated the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The judge, a Massachusetts lawyer, was John Howard Ferguson. He had previously declared the Separate Car Act "unconstitutional on trains that traveled through several states." However, in regards to the Plessy trial, he stated that Louisiana could regulate railroad companies that only operated within its state. Ferguson found Plessy guilty of refusing to leave the white car. Plessy decided to appeal the decision to the Supreme Court of Louisiana, but that court upheld Ferguson's opinion. Plessy then decided to take his case to the United States Supreme Court. In 1896, The Supreme Court of the United States found Homer Plessy guilty once again. Justice Henry Brown, the speaker for the eight-person majority, wrote: "That [the Separate Car Act] does not conflict with the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery...is too clear for argument...A statute which implies merely a legal distinction between the white and colored races -- a distinction which is founded in the color of the two races and which must always exist so long as white men are distinguished from the other race by color -- has no tendency to destroy the legal equality of the two races...The object of the [Fourteenth Amendment] was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but in the nature of things it could not have been intended to abolish distinc tions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political equality, or a commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either." The one lone dissenter, who argued in favor of Plessy's case, and seemed to be the only one with a real understanding of equality, was Justice John Harlan. He wrote his own speech regarding the case and its decision. "Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law...In my opinion, the judgment this day rendered will, in time, prove to be quite as pernicious as the decision made by this tribunal in the Dred Scott case...The present decision, it may well be apprehended, will not only stimulate aggressions, more or less brutal and irritating, upon the admitted rights of colored citizens, but will encourage the belief that it is possible, by means of state enactments, to adopted the recent amendments of the Constitution.

A Passage to India: A Few Observations

Edward Morgan Forster, a liberal humanist in his outlook ,shows in his novel A Passage to India the British imposing their order on this kaleidoscope of India .He also suggests   that theirs is an order that is unnatural , lacking in imaginative understanding of the Indian context. In their dealings with the Indians , the British as a class ,operate only at the level of political and social duty. In other words their relationships with the Indians are those of the political and social roles they play. Ronny Heaslop puts the case of the British rulers when he says, â€Å"We are out here to do justice and keep the peace..We are not pleasant in India and we don’t intend to be pleasant.We’ve something more important to do.†In so far as the fact goes , this is a convincing description of the venal and shifty ways of Indians in their contacts with the British.But all these flaws, Forster takes pains to show are the effects of the humiliating and undignified rule of t he British over the Indians. Unlike other critics of British rule, Forster does not question the right of the British to be in India. His main objection is that it is an order of force and will , not of love and understanding.  Mr. Fielding in many ways appears to resemble E.M.Forster.†The world he believed ,is a globe of men who are trying to reach one another and can best do so by the help of goodwill plus culture and intelligence.†Dr. Aziz who has suffered numerous slights and humiliations from the British , now at last feels that Fielding is a true friend of the Indians: â€Å"No Englishman understands us except Mr. Fielding.†Ã‚  The very first scene , where Dr. Aziz throws down his bicycle and enters a bitterly jocular discussion of â€Å"Is it possible to be friends with an Englishman?†, presents him as an animated, warm, impulsive, moody and somewhat childlike ,careless and sensitive gentleman.Sometimes he is kind, sometimes he is vindictive especi ally when he clamps brutal and revengeful demands upon hapless Adela after his release. Aziz, in MOSQUE section is somewhat conservative about his views on Islam.Lionel Trilling is right to say of him, â€Å"For good or bad he is human.†Adela Quested , right from the beginning ,is intelligent, intellectual, eager to understand new things and experiences:†She goes on,†Fielding says, â€Å"as if she’s at a lecture—trying hard to understand India and life and occasionally taking a note.†She cannot tolerate prejudice and borrowed opinions and feels indignant at the English for being so ruthless in their treatment with the native Indians. But Adela in her own opinion is as follows, â€Å"I can do his right and that right but when they are put together they come wrong.That’s the defect of my character.†Ã‚  E.M.Forster has manifold messages to disseminate, but the main is to deal with the Indians in an amiable humanistic way.   The si gnificance of the title of the first section is that like the ambience in the sanctum sanctorum [Mosque]it imbues the dialectic of positive affirmation.   

History Germany Essay Essay

How far do you agree that the new Weimar Republic was seriously threatened by political extremists in the years 1919-24? (30 marks) Between the years 1919 and 1924 the Weimar Republic experienced many threats against its new democratic regime, however it could be argued that none of the threats ever truly had the ability or support required to overthrow the new state, therefore rendering the attempts by the political extremists as not that threatening. The Weimar Republic saw the end of the Kaiser’s rule and the start of a new semi presidential and representative democratic ruling. Even dating back to the formation of Germany in 1870, the foundation of German Politics and power has always lain with the elites and middle class of the population. With the new Weimar Republic these elites were supposed to lose their power and control due to the democratic regime, however this did not actually happen. Therefore any political extremists that threatened the system, and in turn threatened the elite’s power, were dealt with in harsh manners. During the trials from the 1920 Putch over seven hundred people went to trial however only one person was convicted and given five years in prison. Since the Putch would have been an act of treason, and under German law, the punishment should have been death, however the fact there was so little convictions and such lenient punishments suggests just how strong the elite’s power still was and how strong the Weimar Republic would have been with the elite’s power backing it, but they would only do this as long as things were benefiting them. The Kapp- Là ¼ttwitz Putch of 1920 did lead to an exposure of the army’s reluctance to support the Weimar Republic due to the fact the army was ordered to act by Noske, the Defence Minister, however the leaders of the military refused to get involved and instead remained neutral. This therefore would have planted a seed of doubt into people’s minds as to how good the Republic would be as not even the army were going to protect it, which then would lead some people to feel unprotected and vulnerable, and  could have led to people turning against the democratic system and instead turning back to the old ways of running the country. Yet, this was not the case therefore suggesting that the Kapp- Là ¼ttwitz Putch did not pose as being that significant of a threat. The Munich Beer Hall Putch could be argued as being doomed from the start and therefore never truly being a serious threat. From the beginning and throughout it never had the support of the German people, with only a small number of people supporting their cause. Seeckt also used his powers to command the army to resist the Putch and with the combination of the Bavarian Police and the army the Putch was crushed easily with minimal deaths. However, in the end Hitler was arrested on charges of treason (again meaning the punishment under German law should have been death) and he only received a five year prison sentence yet he was released after just nine months. This again showed that the political power was with the elites and that the Weimar Republic was not as strong as first thought, yet the public were still willing to keep the democratic state in place and give it a chance to work. Therefore it could be argued that as long as people had a belief in the Weimar Republic and were willing to support it then any attempts by political extremists would never have been that successful and therefore they were never truly much of a threat. In conclusion, although the Weimar Republic did indeed experience many threats from political extremists, with some seemingly serious threats against it which showed the many flaws in the system such as the power of the elites and the army’s standing in the new regime, yet none of the attempts had enough public support backing them to have a serious impact. They just didn’t have enough public support as people, especially of the working classes, believed in their new democratic system, and wanted to give it enough time to start to evoke changes that would benefit them in the long run. Therefore the attempts could not have had enough of an impact to name them as being serious threats against their new democratic state.

Future of DL essays

Future of DL essays If you do not work, then you do not eat. This was a constant word of wisdom that my mother installed in me from the time I started my first job as a teenager to as I packed my last few bags to move into my apartment heading for college. It was told to me so repetitively that I still carry that survivor quote with me to this day. It was a way of explaining to me that in the real world as long as you have money and education then you will never go without anything that is earned to you. With the way the economy is now an education is essential, and being a college student, well money is not quite that good and working is the only means of support especially if you stay off campus and parents stop loaning you money. With technology changing and advancing at such a dramatic rate it seems as though it has enabled for the pace and time invested in work to increase. With this increased investment in work it is causing an effect of making it almost impossible to attend on-site courses full-time. When a issue of money and education poses a problem for individuals, especially when their need for both are extremely important to them then they will seek any alternative to provide a means for both to become available. Introducing the answer to all individuals money and education problems. A new learning model introduced to the education world by the name of Distance Learning. I feel that in the future it will remain to be structured around the boundaries of pace and time, allowing the individual to have the ability to work full time to provide a means of living. Also by enabling school attendance full time to give the individual a chance to obtain the desperately seeking degree that is wanted to provide a better means of living. Although it sounds so great there has still been many places that havent pushed to implement this new breed of technology due to the newness of this educational delivery. ...

Comparative governance PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparative governance - PowerPoint Presentation Example The necessary of the existence of government is also rejected by many because some think that government has the power and it can use it in a wrong way to exploit people. But with new entrants as the predators from other countries government is needed to have a control. The general bodies where government needs to have control are been listed below. Thus every countries government has certain regulations and laws for its citizens to control the country in a proper way and also has important role in the development of the country along with its citizens by providing them with the best available facilities and allocating the resources properly among all of them . The particular topic covers the comparison of the role of government in various society issues in three different countries UK, USA and New Zealand on various factors like judicial system, legal system etc (Baker, 2002, pp. 72–76). The comparison is done on the basis of its judicial, legal, other policies which affect the society in a big way. For UK the capital town is London and UK is the key global player in both political and military field. It has a huge impact ratio in the UN, NATO and EU (Cairns and Macleod, 2002, pp. 65-68). There is lot of differences in the legal regulations among different countries. This legal forums help each government to maintain a good environment and have a control over the crimes been conducted (Elliott and Quinn, 1998, pp. 70-75). In UK, the legal system is made and reviewed under the Act made by Parliament for the Human Rights if 1998. It has provision of law system which is common for all and has implemented a nonbinding judicial act which makes the laws common for all the citizens (Richardson, 2006, pp. 25-28). In US the laws in the federal system are made based on common English law and in the state level the laws are made taking the common law in consideration. This state law is implemented in all

Systems of Power, Expertise and Their Relation to Listening in The Essay

Systems of Power, Expertise and Their Relation to Listening in The 1991 Film The Doctor - Essay Example The opening scene of the movie provides a case study for one extreme form of listening – that in the operating room, which has definite needs and interesting power imbalances which stem from several distinct sources of responsibility and power which operate in the room. A close examination of the opening scene of The Doctor can demonstrate an extreme setting and system of listening, which creates a significant power imbalance and could be rectified through small changes in environment and participation. One of the most commonly analyzed listening environments is the listener-focused on. This kind of listening environment focuses heavily on the listener’s perspective and opinion of the interaction (Brownell 40). This kind of environment features such things as school presentations, speeches, business presentations or marriage proposals. The opening scene of The Doctor features the polar opposite of this listening environment – rather than focusing on what the list ener hears, this scene nearly entirely concentrates on what the speaker says significantly discounting other voices or perceptions. The opening scene takes place in an operating room, where there is essentially only one speaker who completely dominates the speaking and listening environment. The main surgeon controls everything about the environment – frequently changing what kind of ambient noise is occurring (telling others to turn music on and off, for instance) and communicating based solely on his own perceptions of need. The listeners in this environment are supposed to be completely passive in terms of communication, and simply react silently to orders barked by the main surgeon – in the only instance when someone tries to make him the listener, by telling him that he has a time limit, the doctor fails to respond, or acknowledge that he has heard what is being said. This pattern continues in doctor-everyone else relations throughout the entire course of the movi e, and one of the most interesting aspects of the film is the shift the main character, Jack MacKee, experiences the shift from being solely a doctor to also being a patient with cancer.